Phần: Chuỗi phản ứng của các halogen
Câu 1:
a. MnO2 → Cl2 → HCl → NaCl → Cl2 → AlCl3 → Al(OH)3 → AlCl3 → Al(NO3)3.
(1) MnO2 + 4HCl MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O |
(5) 2Al + 3Cl2 → 2AlCl3 |
(2) Cl2 + H2 2HCl |
(6) AlCl3 + 3NaOH → Al(OH)3 + 3NaCl |
(3) HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O |
(7) Al(OH)3 + 3HCl → AlCl3 + 3H2O |
(4) 2NaCl + 2H2O 2NaOH + Cl2 + H2. |
(8) AlCl3 + 3AgNO3 → Al(NO3)3 + 3AgCl↓ |
b. KMnO4 → Cl2 → FeCl3 → FeCl2 → Fe(OH)2 → FeCl2 → FeCl3 → Fe(OH)3 → FeCl3.
(1) 2KMnO4 + 16HCl 2KCl + 2MnCl2 + 5Cl2 + 8H2O |
(5) Fe(OH)2 + 2HCl → FeCl2 + 2H2O |
(2) 2Fe + 3Cl2 → 2FeCl3 |
(6) 2FeCl2 + Cl2 → 2FeCl3 |
(3) 2FeCl3 + Fe → 3FeCl2 |
(7) FeCl3 + 3NaOH → Fe(OH)3 + 3NaCl. |
(4) FeCl2 + 2NaOH → Fe(OH)2 + 2NaCl. |
(8) Fe(OH)3 + 3HCl → FeCl3 + 3H2O |
c. KClO3 → Cl2 → CuCl2 → FeCl2 → AlCl3 → AgCl → Cl2 → NaCl → Cl2.
(1) KClO3 + 6HCl KCl + 3Cl2 + 3H2O |
(5) AlCl3 + 3AgNO3 → Al(NO3)3 + 3AgCl↓ |
(2) Cu + Cl2 → CuCl2 |
(6) 2AgCl 2Ag + Cl2. |
(3) CuCl2 + Fe → FeCl2 + Cu |
(7) 2Na + Cl2 → 2NaCl |
(4) 3FeCl2 + 2Al → 2AlCl3 + 3Fe. |
(8) 2NaCl + 2H2O 2NaOH + Cl2 + H2. |
Câu 2:
a. KMnO4 →Cl2 → CuCl2 →Cu → CuCl2 → Cu(OH)2 → CuCl2 → AgCl → Cl2.
(1) 2KMnO4 + 16HCl 2KCl + 2MnCl2 + 5Cl2 + 8H2O |
(5) CuCl2 + 2NaOH → Cu(OH)2 + 2NaCl |
(2) Cu+ Cl2 → CuCl2 |
(6) Cu(OH)2 + 2HCl → CuCl2 + 2H2O |
(3) CuCl2 + Fe → FeCl2 + Cu |
(7) CuCl2 + 2AgNO3 → Cu(NO3)2 + 2AgCl |
(4) Cu + Cl2 → CuCl2 |
(8) 2AgCl 2Ag + Cl2. |
b. MnO2 → Cl2→NaCl→NaOH→NaCl → HCl → FeCl2 → AlCl3 →Al(NO3)3.
(1) MnO2 + 4HCl MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O |
(5) NaClr + H2SO4 đ HCl k + NaHSO4 |
(2) 2Na + Cl2 → 2NaCl |
(6) Fe + 2HCl → FeCl2 + H2 |
(3) 2NaCl + 2H2O 2NaOH + Cl2 + H2. |
(7) 3FeCl2 + 2Al → 2AlCl3 + 3Fe |
(4) HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O |
(8) AlCl3 + 3AgNO3 → Al(NO3)3 + 3AgCl↓ |
c. KClO3 → Cl2 →HClO →Cl2 →FeCl3 →FeCl2 → FeCl3 →Fe(OH)3 → FeCl3.
(1) KClO3 + 6HCl KCl + 3Cl2 + 3H2O |
(5) 2FeCl3 + Fe → 3FeCl2 |
(2) Cl2 + H2O ⇌ HCl + HClO |
(6) 2FeCl2 + Cl2 → 2FeCl3 |
(3) HCl + HClO ⇌ Cl2 + H2O |
(7) FeCl3 + 3NaOH → Fe(OH)3 + 3NaCl. |
(4) 2Fe + 3Cl2 → 2FeCl3 |
(8) Fe(OH)3 + 3HCl → FeCl3 + 3H2O |
Câu 3:
a) Cl2 →KClO3 →KCl → HCl → Cl2 → CaCl2 →Cl2 →HCl → FeCl2 → FeCl3 → Fe(OH)3
(1) 3Cl2 + 6KOH 5KCl + KClO3 +3H2O |
(6) CaCl2 Ca + Cl2 |
(2) KClO3 + 6HCl KCl + 3Cl2 + 3H2O |
(7) Cl2 + H2 2HCl |
(3) KClr + H2SO4 đ HCl k + KHSO4 |
(8) Fe + 2HCl → FeCl2 + H2 |
(4) 4HCl + MnO2 MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O |
(9) 2FeCl2 + Cl2 → 2FeCl3 |
(5) Ca+ Cl2 → CaCl2 |
(10) FeCl3 + 3NaOH → Fe(OH)3 + 3NaCl. |
b) NaCl → HCl → CuCl2 → Cu(NO3)2 → Cu(OH)2 →CuCl2 → FeCl2 → AgCl → Cl2 → KClO3 →O2.
(1) NaClr + H2SO4 đ HCl k + NaHSO4 |
(6) CuCl2 + Fe → FeCl2 + Cu |
(2) CuO + 2HCl → CuCl2 + H2O |
(7) FeCl2 + 2AgNO3 → Fe(NO3)2 + 2AgCl |
(3) CuCl2 + 2AgNO3 → Cu(NO3)2 + 2AgCl |
(8) 2AgCl 2Ag + Cl2. |
(4) Cu(NO3)2 + 2NaOH → Cu(OH)2 + 2NaNO3 |
(9) 3Cl2 + 6KOH 5KCl + KClO3 +3H2O |
(5) Cu(OH)2 + 2HCl → CuCl2 + 2H2O |
(10) 2KClO3 2KCl + +3O2 |
c) NaOH → NaClO → HClO → Cl2 → CaOCl2 → CaCl2 → Cl2 → Br2 → I2.
(1) 2NaOH + Cl2 → NaCl + NaClO + H2O |
(6) CaCl2 Ca + Cl2 |
(2) NaClO + CO2 + H2O → NaHCO3 + HClO |
(7) Cl2 + 2NaBr → Br2 + 2NaCl |
(3) 2HClO 2HCl + O2 |
(8) Br2 + 2NaI → I2 + 2NaBr |
(4) Ca(OH)2 + Cl2 → CaOCl2 + H2O |
|
(5)
2CaOCl2 + CO2 + H2O → CaCO3 +
CaCl2 + 2HClO |
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Câu 3d)
HF | NaClO | ⁵→ | NaHCO₃ | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
↑₁ | ↑₄ | |||||
F₂ | ³→ | Cl₂ | ⁸→ | Br₂ | ¹⁰→ | I₂ |
↓₂ | ↓₆ | ↓₉ | ||||
O₂ | ←⁷ | CaOCl₂ | H₂SO₄ |
(1) 2F2 + 2H2O → 4HF + O2 |
(6) Ca(OH)2 + Cl2 → CaOCl2 + H2O |
(2) H2 + F2 → 2HF |
(7) 2CaOCl2 + CO2 + H2O → CaCO3 + CaCl2 + 2HClO |
(3) F2 + 2NaCl → Cl2 + 2NaF |
(8) Cl2 + 2NaBr → Br2 + 2NaCl |
(4) 2NaOH + Cl2 → NaCl + NaClO + H2O |
(9) Br2 + SO2 + 2H2O → 2HBr + H2SO4 |
(5) NaClO + CO2 + H2O → NaHCO3 + HClO |
(10) Br2 + 2NaI → I2 + 2NaBr |
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